ACTS: Structures discerned by John R. Bradley
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The Rev'd John R. Bradley, an outstanding
Methodist student from England, spent a year of his ministerial training at UTC,
Bangalore. I introduced him to chiastic structuring. After he had worked out one of
the 1 Corinthians secondaries for me, he then started on structures in
Acts. These, mostly chiastic, are set out below.
Contents:
Chiastic
Structure of Acts 2.1-22a-2.47
The Parallel Structure of Acts
1.14-17 and Acts 8.10-21
Chiastic Structure of Acts 2.1 -
4.33b - 8.8
Chiasm
in Acts 14.22 - 15.35 - 18.23
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Chiastic Structure of Acts 2.1-22a-2.47 (1st February, 1977) |
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2.22a: Men of Israel hear these words |
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| 21 | day of the Lord | 22b | Jesus of Nazareth - a man attested by God |
| 19 | wonders and signs | 22c | Mighty works, wonders and signs |
| 18 | they shall prophesy | 30 | Being therefore a prophet |
| 17c | on all flesh | 31 | his flesh see corruption |
| 17b | my Spirit | 33a | promise of the Holy Spirit |
| 17a | I will pour out | 33b | he has poured out |
| 16 | the prophet Joel | 34 | David (a prophet, v. 30) himself says |
| 14c | let this be known (γνωστὸν ἔστω) | 36a | let ... know (γινωσκέτω) |
| 14b | Men of Judaea and all who live in Jerusalem | 36b | all the house of Israel |
| 14a | Peter ... with the eleven | 37a | Peter and the rest of the apostles |
| 12 | What does this mean? | 37b | What shall we do? |
| 11b | telling the mighty woks of God | 38 | the gift of the Holy Spirit |
| 9-11a | Parthians et al. | 39a | promise to you and your children and to all that are far off |
| 8 | How is it that we hear? | 39b | everyone whom the Lord our God calls to him |
| 7 | all those speaking Galileans | 40 | with many other words |
| 6 | the multitude | 41 | about three thousand |
| 5 | from every nation | 43 | came upon every soul |
| 4 | they were all filled | 44 | all who believed all things common |
| 3b | distributed (διαμεριζόμεναι*) and resting on each of them | 45 | distributed (διερμέριζον*) them to all |
| 3a | tongues of fire (Isa. 6.6) | 46a | Attending the temple together |
| 2b | filled all the house (τὸν οἶκον) | 46b | breaking bread in their homes (κατ᾿ οἶκον) |
| 2a | a sound (? voice, ἄφνω) from heaven | 47a | praising God |
| 1c | in one place (ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτό) | 47b | to their number (ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτό) those being saved added |
| 1b | Pentecost (proselyte baptism, harvest, etc.) | ||
| 1a | When the day ... had come | 47c | day by day |
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*Only two occurrences in Acts |
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| 1.14a | All those with one accord | 8.10 | They all gave heed to him |
| 1.14b | devoted (προσκαρτεροῦντες) themselves to prayer | 8.13 | Simon continued (προσκαρτερῶν) with Philip |
| 1.15 | Peter among the brethren | 8.14 | apostles sent to them Peter and John |
| 1.16 | Holy Spirit | 8.15 | Holy Spirit |
| 1.17 | "potential" discipleship | 8.16 | "potential" discipleship |
| 1.18 | reward of his wickedness: burst open, etc. | 8.20 | Your silver perish with you ... |
| 1.17 | He was allotted to share (κλῆρος) | 8.21 | You have neither part not lot (κλῆρος) |
| 2.1 | in one place [Jerusalem] | 8.8 | in that city [Samaria] |
| 2.2a | a sound came from heaven | 8.7 | unclean spirits came out ... with a loud voice |
| 2.2b | filled all the house | 8.3 | Saul ... entering house after house |
| 2.5 | devout men (ἄνδρες εὐλαβεῖς*1) from every nation | 8.2 | devout men (ἄνδρες εὐλαβεῖς*1) buried Stephen |
| 2.6 | at this sound the multitude came together | 7.57 | they cried out with a loud voice ... and rushed together upon him |
| 2.11 | we hear them telling the mighty works of God | 7.55 | [Stephen], full of the Holy Spirit, ... saw the glory of God ... and he said, "Behold, I see ..." |
| 2.16 | the prophet Joel | 7.52 | which of the prophets ...? |
| 2.17a | pour out my Spirit on all flesh | 7.51 | uncircumsized in heart and ears ... always resist the Holy Spirit |
| 2.17b | your old men shall dream dreams | 7.44 | Moses made the tent of witness 'according to the pattern he had seen' |
| 2.18 | I will pour out my Spirit; and they shall prophesy ... | 7.38b | he received living oracles to give to us |
| 2.19 | blood, fire and vapour of smoke | 7.38a | Mount Sinai |
| 2.22a | Men of Israel ... Jesus of Nazareth | 7.37 | Moses said to the Israelites ... prophet from your brethren |
| 2.22b | mighty works and wonders and signs | 7.36 | wonders and sign in Egypt |
| 2.23 | this Jesus whom you crucified | 7.35 | this Moses whom they refused |
| 2.24a | But God raised him up | 7.34b | I have come down to deliver them |
| 2.24b | having loosed the pangs of death | 7.34a | I have seen the ill-treatment of my people ... heard their groaning |
| 2.25 | I saw the Lord always before me | 7.22 | Moses trembled and did not dare look |
| 2.26 | flesh will dwell in hope | 7.17 | time of promise |
| 2.27 | not abandon my soul to Hades | 7.17 | Jacob not buried in Egypt |
| 2.28 | Thou hast made known to me ... | 7.13 | Joseph made himself known |
| 2.29 | patriarch David ... his tomb is with us | 7.9 | the patriarchs sold Joseph ... but God was with him |
| 2.30 | one of his descendants | 7.5 | to his posterity after him |
| 2.33 | exalted at the right hand of God [// glory of God, cf. 7.55] | 7.2 | the God of glory |
| 2.35 | enemies \ | 6.13 | / false witnesses |
| 2.36a | all the house of Israel > | 6.12 | < people. elders, scribes, council |
| 2.36b | this Jesus whom you crucified / | 6.14 | \ this Jesus of Nazareth will destroy this place |
| 2.37 | they were cut to the heart | 6.10 | they could not withstand the wisdom and spirit |
| 2.41 | baptism | 6.6 | ordination |
| 2.42 | they devoted (προσκαρτεροῦντες*2) themselves | 6.4 | we will devote (προσκαρτερήσομεν*2) ourselves |
| 2.45 | distributed all as any had need | 6.1b | neglected in the daily distribution |
| 2.47 | the Lord added ... those who were being saved | 6.1a | disciples were increasing |
| 3.1 | Peter and John went up to the temple | 5.42 | every day in the temple |
| 3.2 | man lame from birth ... being carried [dishonourable?] | 5.41 | worthy to suffer dishonour for the name |
| 3.6 | in the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth | 5.40 | charged them not to speak |
| 3.12 | Men of Israel, why do you wonder | 5.35 | Men of Israel, take care what you do |
| 3.13 | God ... glorified his servant Jesus | 5.32 | ... Holy Spirit whom God has given to those who obey him |
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(cf. 'dependence' pneumatology in Luke-Acts *3) |
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| 3.15a | killed the Author (ἀρχηγὸν*4) of life | 5.31b | as Leader (ἀρχηγὸν*4) and Saviour |
| 3.15b | whom God raised from the dead | 531a | God exalted him |
| 3.16a | by faith in his name [wisdom] | 5.29 | We must obey God rather than men [wisdom] |
| 3.16b | has made this man strong [power] | 5.28 | you have filled Jerusalem with your teaching [power] |
| 3.16c | and has given perfect health [well-being] | 5.26 | officers ... brought them .. without violence [well-being] |
| 3.17 | your rulers | 521 | high priest ... those with him ... council ... all the senate of Israel |
| 3.21 | all that God spoke by the mouth of his holy prophets from of old | 5.20 | Go ... and speak all the words of this life |
| 3.26 | God, having raised up his servant | 5.19 | at night an angel of the Lord opened the prison doors and brought them out [resurrection motif] |
| 4.1 | Sadducees | 5.17 | Sadducees |
| 4.4 | many of those who heard ... believed | 5.14 | more than ever believers were added to the Lord |
| 4.10 | be it known ... to all the people of Israel | 5.12 | signs and wonders were done among the people |
| 4.13 | they saw the boldness of Peter and John | 5.11 | great fear came upon the whole church |
| 4.15 | Thy conferred together | 5.9 | you have agreed together |
| 4.16 | a notable sign has been performed (γέγονεν) | 5.7 | not knowing what had happened (τὸ γεγονὸς) |
| 4.21 | no way to punish them | 5.5 | Ananias ... fell down and died [punishment] |
| 4.24a | they lifted their voices together to God | 5.4b | You have not lied to men but to God |
| 4.24b | Sovereign Lord, who didst make ... everything in them [i..e. owner of all] | 5.4a | did it not remain your own? |
| 4.31 | filled with the Holy Spirit (τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος) | 5.3 | Satan filled your heart to lie to the Holy Spirit (τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον) |
| 4.32a | no one said the things he possessed (τῶν ὑπαρχόντοων) was his own | 4.34b | as many as were possessors (ὑπῆρχον) of lands or houses sold them |
| 4.32b | they had everything in common | 4.34a | there was not a needy person among thm |
| 4.33a | with great (μεγάλῃ) power | 4.33c | great (μεγάλη) grace was upon them all |
| 4.33b the apostles gave their testimony to the resurrection of the Lord Jesus | |||
| *1 Only 4 times in Luke-Acts (Back to text) | |||
| *2 6 times in Acts (Back to text) | |||
| *3 I.e. Jesus is the servant who lives in total dependence on and obedience to God, and is given the Holy Spirit, as now is the Church. (Back to text) | |||
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*4 Only occurrences in Luke-Acts (+ 2x in Hebrews = 4x in NT) (Back to text) |
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Chiasm in Acts 14.22 - 15.35 - 18.23 (24th Sept., 1976) |
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| 15.36b teaching and preaching the word of the Lord | |||
| 15.35a | Paul and Barnabas remained in Antioch | 15.35c | with many others also |
| 15.33 | after ... some
time ... in peace sent off ... by the brethren |
15.36 15.39 15.38 |
after some days sharp contention commended by the brethren |
| 15.32 | strengthened (ἐπιστηρίζειν) the brethren | 15.41 | strengthening (ἐπιστηρίζειν) the churches |
| 15.30 | they delivered the letter | 16.4 | they delivered the decisions |
| 15.28 | Holy Spirit (τῷ πνεὺματι τῷ ἁγίῳ) | 16.6 | Holy Spirit (τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος) |
| 15.26 | Paul and Barnabas risked their lives | 16.22 | Paul and Silas beaten with rods |
| 15.19f. | James' judgement on Gentile converts | 16.23f. | Gentiles' judgement on Paul and Silas |
| 15.17 | the rest of men may seek the Lord | 16.25 | the prisoners were listening to Paul and Silas |
| 15.16 | dwelling of David, which has fallen | 16.26a | foundations of prison were shaken |
| 15.10 | unbearable yoke | 16.26b | unfastened fetters |
| 15.9 | he made no distinction | 16.30-34 | salvation of jailor; n.b. v. 34 implies table fellowship |
| 15.5 | ignoble Jews (see below) | 17.11 | noble Jews (see below) |
| 15.1 | Jewish particularity: apart from Moses and circumcision you cannot be saved | 17.22-31 | Paul's universality: through seeking God (v. 27) through the risen Christ (v. 31) you can be saved |
| 14.21-26 | Derbe to Antioch | 18.18-22 | Corinth to Antioch |
| 14.22 | strengthening (ἐπιστηρίζειν) disciples | 18.23 | strengthening (ἐπιστηρίζειν) disciples |
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Jew/Gentile controversy |
Jew/Gentile controversy |
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ANTIOCH - the meeting place of Jew and Gentile |
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| Note: Who is a noble Jew? | |||
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15.7|| |
17.11 | ||
| (wise) believers | searched the scriptures | ||
| (powerful) rose up | with all eagerness | ||
| (well-born) "circumcize them" | noble | ||