TABLES
OF THE OLD TESTAMENT PASSAGES
in the Jewish Synagogue Triennial Lectionary and the Feasts and the Fasts
Return to Index
Table
I. Torah Readings for
Feasts, Fasts and Special Occasions
Table II. Haphtaroth, etc.
Table III: Torah readings
with associated haphtaroth
Detailed
Notes on the Sedarim & Haphtaroth
NOTES
The Triennial Cycle (TC) was Palestinian in origin, but it
apparently was widely used in the Diaspora. TC read the Pentaeuch over
three years. In the first century CE the cycle could be started either in
Nisan or in Tishri (7th month) after Tabernacles.
The Annual Cycle (AC)
was Babylonian in origin and later (post-NT) replaced the TC. AC read the
Pentateuch in one year. It now invariably starts in Tishri.
It seems fairly likely that the final
editing of the Pentateuch was for the purpose of using it as a TC lectionary
(cp. Deut 31.9-13, and see A. Guilding, The Fourth Gospel and Jewish Worship [Clarendon
Press, Oxford, 1960], pp. 22-44).
TS (Torah Seder, i.e. reading
from Pentateuch in the TC): It came to be standardized at 21 verses out of
the whole section. This was not so earlier; in the earlier lections the TS
and H were sometimes shorter than they became later.
H (Haphtarah, meaning
'completion', i.e. a reading from the Former and Latter Prophets):
a) Apparently developed when Antiochus
IV ('Epiphanes') in 168 or 167 BCE tried to Hellenize the Jews and forbade the
Torah to be read. Therefore the H was substituted for the TS (and the HH
were then retained as a 'second lesson' when the Jews were again free to read
the TSS).
b) Thus at first each H was chosen to
fit its corresponding TS in theme - or to fit the interpretation
currently given to the TS. (Later HH tend to have verbal rather than
content connections with the TSS.)
c) Originally some HH were quite short
(even 1-2 vv.). Later extended to standard 10 verses, sometimes
with skipping (either to include 'relevant' verses or, especially post-70/135
CE, to reach a consolatory ending).
d) Later HH were often chosen from
Isaiah.
e) Although only a few verses were
read, the contents of the whole section were often taken as implied (see notes
on Mark's prologue).
AC: Parashiyoth
(Pentateuch readings of the AC) were based on the TSS of the TC; from one to six
TSS = 1 Parashiyah.
H for Par of AC: Normally
chosen from those which served the TC; thus these HH may often include old HH
for TSS of TC.
HH of TC: It is not at
all certain that these were generally fixed in the first century CE and (1) may
have varied with time and place, or (2) they may often have been chosen 'on the
spot' by the reader (cf. Jesus' choice of Isa 61.1-2a in Luke 4.17,
apparently a 'free choice'.
INDICES
The following materials are divided into three indices: I. Torah readings; II. Readings in EV order (primarily haphtaroth) associated with TSS, and III. Torah readings (primarily TSS) with the associated readings (primarily HH). The basis for Tables II and III is drawn from the work in his MA (Nottingham, 1962) and BD (Nottingham, 1964) theses of C. H. Cave, who investigated the midrashim and other sources to detect where possible the TSS and associated HH used in the TC.
Finally, there will be a major section of notes on the readings, the evidence for them, etc., which I extracted from Cave's theses. All these materials are offered for the use of anyone interested in pursuing further research into the relationship of NT writings with Jewish liturgical usage.
Commonly
only the opening verse is indicated (unless the probable ending is known).
Pentateuchal abbreviations used: G, E, L, N & D for Gen. Exod, Lev, Num and
Deut.
Table I. Torah Readings for Feasts, Fasts and Special Occasions
| Genesis (50 chapters) | Numbers (36 chapters) | ||
| 1 | Ma'amadoth (in local town when that rank of priests were to serve at Temple | 6.22 | Dedication (25 Kislev) |
| 3.22 | Passover (15 Nisan) | 7.1 | Dedication (25 Kislev) |
| 21 | New Year (1 or 2 Tishri) | 7.84 | Dedication (25 Kislev) |
| 46.28 | Dedication (25 Kislev) | 8.1 | Dedication (25 Kislev) |
| 9 | Passover in 3rd year (15 Nisan) | ||
| Exodus (40 chapters) | 14.11 | 9 Ab (later reading) | |
| 12.1-20 | Sabbath Hachodesh (Adar) | 16.1 | Pentecost in 3rd year (6 Sivan) |
| 13 | Passover (15 Nisan) | 18.31 | Dedication (25 Kislev) |
| 17.8-10 | Purim (14/15 Adar) | 19.1 | Sabbath Parah (Adar) |
| 19-20 | Pentecost (6 Sivan) (Exod 20=Decalogue) | 28.1-8 | Sabbath Shekalin (Adar - but not |
| 30.11-16 | Sabbath Shekalim (Adar) | post 100 CE | |
| 28.11-15 | New Moons | ||
| Leviticus (27 chapters) | 29 | New Year (1 Tishri) acc. to Talmud | |
| 1 | 1st Sabbath Tishri (Büchler) | 29.7-11 | Atonement (10 Tishri) |
| 8.1- 10.7 | Atonement (10 Tishri) | 28.17-39 | Tabernacles (15-21 Tishri) |
| 16.1-34 | Atonement (10 Tishri) | 29.35-39 | Tabernacles (15-21 Tishri) |
| 18 | Atonement (10 Tishri) (after 100 CE) | (-30.1) | |
| 22.26 | 2nd day of Passover in Babylon (16 Nisan) | Deuteronomy | |
| 23.4-8 | 1stNisan (New Year) & Passover (14 Nisan) | 5 | New Year (1 Tishri) (Decalogue |
| 23.15-22 | Pentecost (6 Sivan) | 8 | Tabernacles (15-21 Tishri) |
| 12.23-25 | New Year (1 Tishri) | 16.9-12 | Pentecost (6 Sivan) |
| 12.26-32 | Atonement (10 Tishri) | 25.17-19 | Sabbath Zachor (Adar) |
| 24.1 | Dedication (25 Kislev) Tabernacles (15-21 Tishri) | 28 | 9 Ab & before New Year (1 Tishri) |
| 26 | 9 Ab & before Pentecost (6 Sivan) | ||
Table II. Haphtaroth, etc. (Books in EV order)
| HH for | TSS (if marked | HH for | TSS | HH for | TSS |
| Joshua | 'Par.' then wasn't a TS) | ||||
| 1.1(18) | D 34.1 | 8.32 | D 17.14 | 22.22 | N 32.1 |
| 2.1-24 | N 13.1 Par. | 14.6 | G 44.18 | 23.1 | G 27.1 |
| 3.5 | E 12.29 | 17..49(-19.51) | N 26.52 | 24.1 | D 29.9 |
| 5.20 | 2nd Passover (15 Iyyar) | 20.1 | N 35.9 | 24.3 | G 12.1 |
| 8.30 | D 26.1 | 21.41 | N 34.1 | 24.7 | E 14.15 |
| Judges | |||||
| 2.7 | D 31.14 | 5.14 | Purim (14/15 Adar) | 13.2-25 | N 4.17 |
| 3.1 | G 22.1 | 9.22 | G 20.1 | 18.7 | N 13.1 (Par. only?) |
| 4 | N 6.1 | 11.1(-33) | N 20.14 | 19.20 | G 24.1 |
| 5.1 | E 15.1 | 11.30 | L 27.1 | 19.22-24 | G 19.1 |
| 5.4 | L 14.33 | 13.2 | N 6.1 | 21 | N 36.1 (not TS?) |
| Ruth | |||||
| Pentecost (6 Sivan) | |||||
| 1 Samuel | |||||
| 1.1 | G 229.31 & New Year (1 TishrI) acc. to Talmud | 2.28 | N 3.1 | 11.14-12.22 | N 16.1 |
| 1.11 | G 30.22 | 4.15 | G 27.1 | 12.7 | ER 8.16 |
| 2 | New Year (1 Tishri) | 6.6 | E 10.1 | 15.2 | Sabbath Zachor (Adar) |
| 2.5 | G 16.1 | 6.14 | N 4.17 | 17.13-49 | L 16.1 |
| 2.21 | G 21.1 | 8.1 | D 17.14 | 17.37 | D 20.10 |
| 2.22 | G 25.19, 27.1, 39.7 | 9.7 | G 49.27 | 28.7 | L 21.1 |
| 2.25 | E 7.1 | 10.24 | D 17.14 | 30.1-17 | L 16.1 |
| 2 Samuel | |||||
| 5.13(-15) | G 25.1 | 8.14 | D 2.2 | 22 | E 15.1 & 7th day of Passover |
| 6 | N 4.17 | 11.5 | G 37.1 | 22.1-51 | D 32.1 |
| 7.4 | N 12.1 (not TS?) | 15.7 | E 4.18 | 22.10-51 | E 32.15 (late TS) |
| 7.17 | E 20.1 | 16.21 | G 35.9 | 22.31 | G 15.1 |
| 1 Kings | |||||
| 1.1 | G 24.1 | 7.51-8.15 | E 38.21 | 8.55 | E 35.1 |
| 2.1-12 | G 47.28/29 | 8.1 | Tabernacles (15-20 Tijsri) | 8.56-58 | L 9.1 |
| 2.1 | G 48.1 | 8.2 | L 9.1 | 9.1 | G 35.1 |
| 3.15 | G 31.38 | 8.8 | E 37.1 | 10.1 | G 22.1 |
| 4.33 | Sabbath Parah (Adar) | 8.9(-21) | D 10.1 | 10.9 | G 14.1 |
| 5.12-6.13 EV; MT: 5.26-6.13; LXX: 5.26-6.10 (LXX lacks EV & MT 6.111-13) | 8.12 | 21 Tishri | 17.24 | E 18.2 | |
| E 25.1 | 8.28 | D 3.23 | 18.1 | L 19.23 | |
| 7.13-27 | E 35.1 | 8.32 | G 18.25 | 18.11-39 | E 30.11 |
| 7.40-50 | E 35.1, 38.21 | 8.37 | G 12.10 | 18.20-39 | E 30.11 |
| 7.49 | Dedication (25+ Kislev | 8.50 | G 43.14 | 18.39 | D 6.4 |
| 7.51 | Dedication (25+ Kislev | 8.54-62 | L 9.1 | 18.46-19.21 | N 25.10 |
| 2 Kings | |||||
| 4.1 | G 18.1 | 12.5-6 | Sabbath Shekalim (Adar) | 19.29 ? | L 19.23 |
| 4.42-5.19 | l 12.1 | 13.3 | E 32.11 | 19.35 | E 12.29 |
| 5.1 | l 13.29 | 13.14 | G 48.1 | 20.3 | G 17.1 |
| 7.3 | l 14.1 | 13.23 | D 10.1 | 20.8 ? | E 3.1 |
| 11.17 | Sabbath Shekalim (Adar) | 18.31 ? | D 11.10 | 23.1-9, 21-25 | 2nd day, Passover (16 Nisan) |
| Esther | |||||
| Purim (14-15 Adar) | |||||
| Psalms | |||||
| W.T.Ps. = Psalms used in the Temple each week, the day of the week being given. | |||||
| 16 | G 19.24 ? | 51.17 | L 6.1 ? | 93 | W.T.Ps. 6th Day |
| 18.31(= 2 Sam 22.31) G 15.1 ? | 68 | Pentecost (6 Sivan) | 94 | W.T.Ps. 4th+ Day | |
| 24 | W.T.Ps. 1stDay | 76 | Tabernacles (15-21 Tishri) | 103-107 | Tabernacles (15-21 Tishri) |
| 27 | L 16.1 ? (with H = 1 Sam 30.1-17 ?) | 78.36-37 | G 19.1 (with H = Isa 17.14) | 110 | G 17.1 |
| 29 | Pentecost (6 Sivan) | 81 | W.T.Ps. 5th Day | 113-118 | Passover (15 Nisan), Pentecost (6 Sivan), Tabernacles (15-21 Tishri), Dedication (25+ Kislev), & New Moons |
| 42/43 | Tabernacles (15-21 Tishri) | 82 | W.T.Ps. 3rd Day | ||
| 48 | W.T.Ps. 2nd Day | 92 | W.T.Ps. Sabbath | 118 | Tabernacles (15-21 Tishri) |
| Proverbs | |||||
| 3.19 | G 1.1 (with H = Isa 28.16) | ||||
| Song of Songs | |||||
| Passover (15 Nisan) | |||||
| Isaiah | |||||
| 1.1 | G 15.1 & | 34.11 | E 8.16 | 54.9-11 | G 6.9 |
| D 16.1 & | 35.1 | E 19.1 & | 54.9-17 | G 6.9 | |
| D 28.1 & | ? | L 15.25 & | 54.9-55.5 | G 6.9 | |
| 1.1-28 | D 16.1 | N 33.1 | 54.10-11 | G 17.1 | |
| 1.10 | G 42.18 | 37.31 | G 25.1 & | ||
| 1.19 | L 11.1 & | G 3`7.1 | .0 | D 11.26 | |
| L 26.2 & | 38.3 | E 32.13 | 54.16 ? | E 32.7 | |
| D 1.1 | 40.1-26 | D 3.23 |
|
||
| 1.19-20 | D 11.26 | 40.11 | E 3.1 | ||
| 3.10 | L 22.26 | 40.26 | G 2.4 | 55.1 | |
| 3.13 ? | G 28.13 (TS?) | 41.2-14 | G 14.1 | 55.1-22 | D 26.1 |
| 3.16-17 ? | L 14.1 | 41.19 ? | E 26.15 | 55.2 | G
49.1 & |
| 4 | Pentecost ? | 41.19 | E 37.1 | D 28.1 | |
| 4.1 | G 30.22 | 42.1 | E 4.18 | 55.11 | G 39.1 |
| 4.3 | L 19.1 | 42.5-43.10 | G 1.1 | 55.12(-13) | E 4.18 |
| 4.6 | D 8.1 | 42.7 | G 8.15 | 55.13 ? | E 35.30 |
| 5.16 | L 19.1 | 42.8 | E 6.2 | 55.15 | G 29.31 |
| 6.1-13 | E 19.1 & | 42.13 | D 21.10 | 55.17 | E
25.1 E 21.1 E 12.43 |
| Pentecost | 42.16 | E 20.1/2 | 56.1 | ||
| 6.13 | E 11.1 | 42.24-45.7 | G 1.1 | 56.3 | |
| 8 | D 16.18 | 43.1 | G 36=5.9 | 57.15 | L 16.1 (possibly not TS post-70 BCE, when began to use for Atonement) & |
| 10.24 | E 8.12 | 43.4 | N 3.40 | Atonement (10 Tishri & | |
| 10.32 ? | E 13.17 (TS?) & | 43.7 | E 31.1 | ? | D 6.4 |
| D 14.22 | 43.11 | E 20.1/2 | 57.17 ? |
14.1 |
|
| 11.2-9 | G 41.38 | 43.21 | L 1.1 | 58.2 | E 16.4 |
| 12.3 | N 21.16 at Qumran | 43.22 | G 49.1 | 58.7-59.1 | L 25.5 |
| (not TS in TC) | 44.1 | G 16.1 | 58.13-59.1 | E 16.28 | |
| 12.3(-14.2) | G 24.42 | 45.9 | N 14.1 & | 58.13-59.3 | E 16.28 |
| 17.9 | L 15.1 | N 11.23 | 59.15-16 | G 6.5 | |
| 17.10 | N 5.1 | 45.13 | E 13.17 | 60.7 | E 27.1 |
| 17.14 | G 19.1 | 45.18 | G 1.1 | 60.7-17 | E 27.1 |
| 19 | E 10.1 | 46.3 | D 29.1 | 60.13 | E 39.33 |
| 19.19 | G 35.1 | 46.3-4 | E 13.1 | 60.18 | G 6.9 & |
| 21.11 | G 32.3 | 46.3/6 | G 27.1 | D 16.18 | |
| 21.11-24.16 | E 12.29 | 48.6 ? | D 4.25 | 61.1 | G 35.9 |
| 23.8 | L 14.33 | 48.10-49.3 | E 22.25 | 61.1-2 | D 15.1 |
| 24.2 ? | L 25.39 | 48.12 | G 49.1 | 61.6(-10) | E 19.6 |
| 25.2 | D 4.41 | 49.9-14 early | G 9.18 | 61.6 | E 29.1 |
| 25.8 | G 30.22 | 49.9-23 later | G 9.18 | 61.9(-10) | G 20.1 |
| 27.6 | E 1.1 | 49.10 | E 16.1 | 61.10-62.12 | D 6.4 |
| 28.16 ? | D 10.1 | 49.14 | G 42.18 | 61.10-63.9 | D 29.9 |
| 29.8 | G 41.1 | 49.14-51.4 | D 7.12 | 62.2 | E 1.1 |
| 29.10 | G 18.17 | 51.2 | G 24.1 | 62.8 | G 26.12 |
| 29.18-30.18 | G 5.1 | 51.6 | G 2.4 | 63.11 | E 15.22 |
| 30.20 | E 39.33 | 51.12-52.12 | D 16.18 | 64.4 ? | G 40.1 |
| 31.5 ? | E 12.2` (TS?) | 51.16 | G 18.17 | 65.8(-23) | G 12.1 |
| 31.5 | D 22.6 | 52.3(-5) | G 39.1 | 65.17-25 | G 1.1 |
| 32.18? | G 37.1 | 52.2-53.5 | G 39.1 | 65.22 | G 20.1 |
| 32.18 | E 38.21 | 52.6 | E 6.2 | 65.23 | G 25.19 & |
| 33.7 | G 22.1 | 52.13 | E 4.18 & | G 26.12 | |
| 33.13 | E 18.1 | ? | E 6.2 | 66.1-11 | E 26.1 |
| 33.16 | E 16.4 | 54.1 | G 25.19 | 66.3 | L 17.1 |
| 33.17 | G 18.1 | 54.1-11 | D 21.10 | 66.7 | L 12.1 |
| 34.8 | G 19.24 | 54.2 | E 26.7 | 66.12 | D 20.10 |
| 66.23 | New Moons | ||||
| Jeremiah | |||||
| 1.1 | E 1.1 | 13.10 | N 14.11 | 31.19 ? | L 1.1 & |
| 1.1-2.3 | N 1.1 | 14.10 | N 14.11 | ?? | L 4.1 & |
| 1.5 | E 33.12 | 15.16 ? | L 10.8 | L 23.1 & | |
| 2.1 | N 2.1 & | 16.9-17.14 | L 26.3 | New Year (1 Tishri) | |
| N 32.1 & | 21.8 | D 11.26 | 31.20 | New Year | |
| D 9.1 | 22.18-23.3/4? | L 15.25 | (32.6-22 & | L 25.1 New Year | |
| 2.4 | E 18.1 | 22.30 | G 3.22 | acc. to Talmud) | |
| 2.4-28 | N 33.1 | 23.9 | D 12.20 | 31.32 ? | E 31.18 & |
| 2.31 ? | N 1.1 | 29.8 | D 18.1 | E 34.27 | |
| 4.2 | N 30.1 | 30.4 | D 1.1 | 32.16 | D 3.23 |
| 4.19-5.18 | N 5.11 | 30.10 | G 31.3 & | 33.25 | G 17.1 |
| 5.20 ? | L 23.9 | New Year (1 Tishri) | 34.10 | Pentecost (6 Sivan) | |
| 7.21-23 | L 6.1 | 30.17 ? | E 33.1 | 34.8-22 (& | |
| 7.21-9.24 | L 6.1 | 30.18 | E 38.21 | 33.25 f.) | E 21.1 |
| 8.13 ? | N 14.11 | 30.20 | G 11.1 | 38.7 | G 37.1 ? or |
| 9.23-25 | D 8.1 | 30.21 | G 44.18 & | G 38.1 | |
| 11.16 | E 27.20 | E 28.1 | 42.12 | 43.13 | |
| 12.8 | N 14.1 | 31.8 | E 13.1 | 46.13 | E 10.1 |
| 12.15 | D 30.11 | 31.15 | G 15.1 | 51.50 | D 28.1 |
| Lamentations | |||||
| 9th of Ab | |||||
| (Note: Baruch is a homily for the 9th of Ab based on Deut 28 & Lev 26, which are cited by the Tosephta as readings for the 9th of Ab.) | |||||
| Ezekiel | |||||
| 1.1 | G 1.1 & | 18.17 | E 22.25 | 38.10 | G 6.5 |
| Pentecost (6 Sivan) | 20.1 | E 1.1 | 38.14-15 | N 11.16 | |
| 8.1-14 | D 13.1 | 20.2 | L 19.1 | 38.14 ff. | N 11.16 |
| 12.20 | L 26.3 | 20.41 | L 1.1 | 43.10-27 | E 27.20 |
| 14.1 | L 20.1 | 22.1 | L 18.1 | 43.27 | L 8.1 |
| 14.12-22 ? | N 16.1 | 22.1-16 | L 16.1 | 44.11 ? | L 3.1 (a TS?) |
| 16.1 | E 1.1 & | 22.26 ? | L 10.8 | 44.15 | N 17.1 & |
| L 18.1 & | 25.13 | E 922 (a TS?) | ? | L 21.1 & | |
| L 20.1 | 28.13 | G 3.22 | ? | D 33.1 | |
| 16.6 | G 34.1 | 28.25(-26) | E 6.2 | 44.17 ? | L 8.1 |
| 17.22 | D 32.1 | 34.(25-28) | L 25.14 & | 44.20 | L 21.1 |
| 17.24 | G 21.1 | L 26.3 | 44.27 ? | L 16.1 | |
| 18.1 | L 5.1 | 36.25 | S. Parah (Adar) | 44.29 ? | N 18.25 (a TS?) |
| 18.4-17 | L 4.1 | 36.29 | G 26.1 | 45.1 | N 34.1 |
| 18.14 | E 22.25 | 37.12 | N 11.16 | 45.12 | S. Shekalim (Adar) |
| 45.17 | New Moons | ||||
| 45.18 | S. Hachodesh (Adar) | ||||
| Hosea | |||||
| 2.1 | N 1.1 ? | 5.7 | G 22.20 | 12.1 | G 38.1 ? |
| N 2.1 | 10.2 | N 16.1 | 21.1-14.10 | ||
| 2.14 ? | E 4.27 | 10.11 | G 46.28 | 12.12 (MT: | G 37.1 |
| 4.14 | N 5.11 | 11.10 ? | G 27.33 | 12.13) | G 28.10 |
| 14.3 | E 29.1 | ||||
| Hosea/Joel | |||||
| 14.2-10 & J 2.15-17 | D 32.1 | 14.6-J 1 & 2 | G 27.28 | 14.7-J1.14 &/or 2.14 | E 27.10 |
| 14.6 | G 27.28 | ||||
| Joel (see above) | |||||
| 2.1 | D 5.1 | 2.30 | E 7.8 | 3.13-Amos 1.12 | G 32.3 |
| 2..28 (MT: 3.1) | G 28.12 | 3.13 (MT: 4.13) | G 32.3 | 3.18 | N 25.1 |
| Amos (see Joel) | |||||
| 1 - 2 | G 40.1 | 4.12(-5.8) ? | D 7.12 | 9.7 | L 18.1 & |
| 2.6 | G 37.1 | 7 ? | L 25.14 | L 19.1 | |
| 2.9 ? | D 2.31 | 8.4 | G 42.1 | 9.15 ? | D 9.1 |
| 4.7 | G 19.14 | 9.1 ? | G 28.13 (a TS?) | ||
| Obadiah | |||||
| 1-21 | G 32.2 (MT: 32.4) | 18, 21 ? | D 2.2 | ||
| Jonah | |||||
| 1.1 | l 18.1 & | 2.2-9 | Atonement (10 Tishri) | ||
| Minhah (offering) for Atonement (10 Tishri) | |||||
| Micah | |||||
| 1.1 | D 23.9 | 5.6-6.8 | N 22.1 | 6.3-7.20 | G 31.3 |
| 2.12 | G 49.1 | 6.1 | L 22.26 | 6.9-7.8 | L 1.1 & |
| 4.11-5.6 ? | G 14.1 | 6.3 | L 23.1 & | 5, 6 or 7 Tishri | |
| 5.4-7.7 | D 11.10 | ? | N 14.11 & | 7.9 | G 8.15 |
| 5.6 | G 27.18 | New Year (1 Nisan) | 7.15-Nah 1.7 | E 11.1 | |
| & Passover (15 Nisan w. L 23.4 ff.) | |||||
| Nahum (see Micah) | |||||
| 1.12-2.6; 1.7 | G 33.18 | (The only H with backward skipping) | |||
| Habakkuk | |||||
| 1.7 ? | L 15.1 | 3 | Pentecost (6 Sivan) | 3.2-19 | G 8.1 |
| 2.2 | E 34.1 | 3.2-5 | G 8.1 | 3.6 ? | L 11.1 |
| Zephaniah | |||||
| 1.12 | L 24.1 (TS & H read at Dedication, 25 Kislev) | 1.17 ? | G 40.1 | 3.9 | G 11.1 |
| Haggai | |||||
| 2.6 | E 11.1 | 2.8 | E 25.1 | ||
| Zechariah | |||||
| 2.10-4.7 | N 10.8 | 10.6 | G 46.28 | 13.8-14.9 | N 10.1 |
| 4.2 | L 24.1 & | 11.1 | G 46.28 (TS in TC | 14.1 ? | G 34.1 & |
| Dedication (25 Kislev) | for Dedication, 25 Kislev) | 14.1 | Tabernacles, 15-21 Tishri) & | ||
| 5.3-6.14 | L 5.1 | 11.12 ? | D 15.1 | G 49.27 | |
| 9.10 ? | G 14.1 | 13.1 | N 19.1 | ||
| Malachi | |||||
| 1.1-2.7 | G 25.19 | 2.4 ? | G 46.28 (TS in TC for Dedication, 25 Kislev) | 3.18-4.6 | G 19.1 |
| 1.9-2.7 (omit 1.12-14?) ? | N 6.22 | 2.5 | N 25.10 | 4.1 ? | G 18.25 |
| 1.11 | E 30.1 | 3.1 | E 23.20 | ||
| 2.1 | L 16.1 | 3.4-12 | L 6.12 (H &TS conn. w. Minhah, i.e., offering) | ||
Table III: Torah readings with associated haptharoth
|
Abbreviations and symbols |
|||
| AB | = Aggadath Hereshith (Haggadath Genesis) | om | = omit, omitted, omission |
| AC | = Annual Cycle | Par | = Parashiyah (Pentateuchal reading |
| All | = Found in all sources | in AC | |
| b. | = Babylonian Talmud | Pes | = Pesikta |
| (followed by Tractate) | Pet | = Petikta | |
| Babyl. | = Babylonian | PTal | = Palestinian (or Jerusalem) Talmud |
| bec. | = because | Q | = preserved by the Qaraites (= Karaites) |
| BMR | = Bemidbar Rabba (Numbers Rabba) | ref | = reference, referring |
| Bodl. | = Bodleian Library, Oxford | rel | = relate, related, relation |
| BR | = Bereshith Rabba (Genesis Rabba) | RH | = Rosh haShanah (New Year) |
| c | = (in LR column) contrasting subject matter | s | = similarity of subject |
| c. | = (before date) circa, approximately | Sab | = Sabbath |
| c. | = (e.g 1st c.) century CE | Si | = Siphre (Midrash on Numbers) |
| cj | = conjecture | sl | = slight connection |
| conn | = connected, connection | SR | = Shemoth Rabba (Exodus Rabba) |
| DD | = Damascus Document (related to Dead | T | = Tanhuma = Y |
| Sea sect at Qumran) | Tal | = Talmud (Babylonian - complete; | |
| DR | = Debarim Rabba (Deuteronomy Rabba) | Jerusalem - incomplete; unless latter | |
| DSD | = Community Rule of Dead Sea sect | is noted, the former is meant) | |
| at Qumran | Targ | = Targum on the Prophets, a | |
| DSH | = Hodayoth, Thanksgiving Psalms of | continuation of TOnk | |
| Qumran sect | TB | = Midrasch Tanchuma (Buber) | |
| e | = (superscript) apparently early or earlier | TC | = Triennial Cycle |
| fr | = from | TJer | Jerusalem (pseudo-Jonathan) Targum |
| G | = Geniza manuscript(s) | (on Pentateuch) | |
| Gu | = Guilding, 4th Gospel & Jewish Worship | TOnk | = Targum of Onkelos (on Pentateuch) |
| H, HH | = Haphtarah, haphtaroth | TS, TSS | = Torah Seder, Torah Sedarim (readings |
| h | = homiletic connection | from Pentateuch in TC if not otherwise | |
| indic | = indicate | noted) | |
| j. | = Jerusalem Talmud | v | = verbal similarity |
| (followed by Tractate) | v sl | = very slight connection | |
| K | = preserved by the Karaites (= Qaraites) | VYR | = Vayyiqra Rabba (Leviticus Rabba) |
| ltgy | = liturgy | w | = with |
| ltgl | = liturgical | Y | = Yelammedenu |
| M. | = Mishnah | YK | = Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement) |
| Mas | = Massorah | SYMBOLS | |
| Meg. | = Megillah (= 'Scroll'), i.e Book of Esther | + | = plus., along with |
| b.Meg. | = Babylonian Talmud, Tractate Megillah | + | = after an H = apparently |
| M.Meg. | = MIshnah, Tractate Megillah | current usage in 1st c. CE (often known | |
| MHG | = Midrash haGadol (Numbers Midrash) | from use in NT) | |
| Mid | = Midrash, midrashim (plural) (includes | ! | = H may have originally stopped here, |
| AB,BMR,BR,DR,MHG,Si,SR,T,TB,VYR,Y) | since only verse(s) cited is/are | ||
| MS, MSS | = Geniza manuscript(s) used by Büchler, Mann & Cave; of unknown dates, they | similar in subject to TS | |
| record Palestinian traditions. | @ | = at | |
| MT | = Massoretic text (of OT) | ? | = H of uncertain probability |
| n (or ?) | = no apparent connection | () | = bracketed materials are usually uncertain |
| Büchler | Adolph Büchler, "The Reading of the Law and the Prophets in a Triennial Cycle, JQR o.s. 5 (1893), 6 (1894), reprinted in J. J. Petuchowski, ed., Contributions to the Scientific Study of Jewish Liturgy (New York: KTAV, 1970). | ||
| LEH | C. H. Cave, Lectionary of the Synagogue and the Epistle to the Hebrews (unpublished MA thesis, Nottingham , 1962) | LS&SG | C. H. Cave, Lectionary of the Synagogue and the Synoptic Gospels (unpublished BD thesis, Nottingham, 1964) |
The material on Genesis through
Deteronomy is set out in
four columns:
1) Torah Seder (plural; sedarim): most of these are early and
fairly certain.
2) Haphtarah (plural: haphtaroth): the prophetic lections were
generally later and not as fixed, varying both geographically and with time.
3) The literary relation (LR) of the haphtarah to the torah
seder:
s - similar subject, therefore likely
to be early in origin.
v - verbal similarity, therefore
likely to be later in origin.
4) Sources indicating the haphtarah (see above table for abbreviations).
Because of the size of these tables, there are set out separately. The
links are below.
Genesis Exodus Leviticus Numbers Deuteronomy
Detailed Notes on the Sedarim & Haphtaroth drawn C. H. Cave's Theses